[5]:132–34, 137, This gave Pizarro time to leave for his native Trujillo and convince his brother Hernando Pizarro and other close friends to join him on his third expedition. Histoire Retrait vers Vilcabamba. Brutal et illettré, en quête d'aventures, il s'engage comme soldat en Italie de 1495 à 1498, puis embarque en 1502 pour le Nouveau Monde qu'a découvert dix ans plus tôt Christophe Colomb. Following his execution, she was taken to Cuzco and given the name Dona Angelina. Pizarro was also given two Peruvian boys to learn Spanish, one of whom was later baptized as Felipillo and served as an important interpreter, the equivalent of Cortés' La Malinche of Mexico, and another called Martinillo. The dispute had originated from a disagreement on how to interpret the limit between the governorates. Francisco Pizarro Gonzalez was a Spanish conquistador who became famous by conquering the Incan Empire. He followed in his father's footsteps, embarking on a career as a soldier. On those wars, the most feared, both by his enemies and his comrades, was the old Francisco de Carvajal, known as "the demon of the Andes", and probably the best field commander among the conquistadores (one of the few who had ample experience in … His father, Gonzalo Pizarro, was a colonel in the Spanish army and his mother, Francisca, was a poor woman living in Trujillo. Cependant, Manco Inca continue de résister face aux Espagnols. [5]:112–15, Pizarro had no intention of returning and when Tafur arrived at Isla de Gallo, Pizarro drew a line in the sand, saying: "There lies Peru with its riches; Here, Panama and its poverty. The son, was Cortes captain and wanted to … The findings and excellent news from Ruiz along with Almagro's new reinforcements cheered Pizarro and his tired followers. One of the mestizo women more famous in the history of the Peru, born in 1534 in Jauja, and died May 30, 1598; his father was Don Francisco Pizarro, conqueror and then Governor of Peru, and his mother was Quispe Sisa or Inés Huaylas Yupanqui, daughter of the inca Huayna Capac and Contarhuacho, curaca and Lady of Huaylas. [7]:24 Juan de Salcedo was the standard bearer, Nicolás de Ribera was the treasurer and Juan Carvallo was the inspector. Il était un des fils naturels de Gonzalo Pizarro Rodríguez de Aguilar, hidalgo sans fortune et militaire en Italie. After Pizarro's death, Inés Yupanqui, whom he took as a mistress, favourite sister of Atahualpa, who had been given to Francisco in marriage by her brother, married a Spanish cavalier named Ampuero and left for Spain, taking her daughter who would later be legitimized by imperial decree. Queen Isabel, though, in the absence of the king, signed the Capitulación de Toledo on 6 July 1529,[10] a license document that authorized Pizarro to proceed with the conquest of Peru. Francisco Pizarro Orde de Sant Jaume; Nom original (es) Francisco Pizarro González, Marqués Biografia; Naixement (es) Francisco Pizarro y González 16 març 1478 (Gregorià) Trujillo: Mort: 26 juny 1541 (63 anys) Lima: Causa de mort: Homicidi (Ferida d'arma blanca): Sepultura [5]:105–09[7]:24–25, He then set sail north for the San Juan River, arriving to find Pizarro and his men exhausted from the difficulties they had faced exploring the new territory. Two half-brothers from his father, Juan Pizarro and Gonzalo Pizarro,[7]:27 and a half-brother from his mother, Francisco Martín de Alcántara,[5]:136 later also decided to join him, as well as his cousin Pedro Pizarro, who served as his page. [19], Historians have often compared the conquests of Pizarro and Cortés in North and South America as very similar in style and career. Réclamant la souveraineté sur Cuzco, il obtient la libération de son frère. Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Cartas del Marqués Don Francisco Pizarro (1533–1541)", "Cédula de encomienda de Francisco Pizarro a Diego Maldonado, Cuzco, 15 de abril de 1539", "Francisco Pizarro response to a petition by Pedro del Barco", «Los hijos americanos de los Pizarros de la conquista.», "Narrative of the Proceedings of Pedrarias Davila (1865)", "The History of the Conquest of Peru by William H. Prescott – Full Text Free Book (Part 8/17)", Exploring the Inca Heartland: Pizarro's Family and His Head, The Misplaced Conquistador – Francisco Pizarro, Pizarro & the Fall of the Inca Empire – Ancient History Encyclopedia, Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography, PBS Special: Conquistadors – Pizarro and the conquest of the Incas, Relacion de los primeros descubrimientos de Francisco Pizarro y Diego de Almagro, 1526, Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Pizarro&oldid=1016711428, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Quechua-language text, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Pizarro is the main protagonist of the theatre play, Francisco Pizarro is depicted as a major supporting character in, This page was last edited on 8 April 2021, at 17:33. On 10 November 1509, Pizarro sailed from Spain to the New World with Alonso de Ojeda on an expedition to Urabá. Francisco Pizarro est né entre 1471 et 1478 comme l'un des nombreux enfants illégitimes de Gonzalo Pizarro Rodríguez de Aguilar, un noble de la province d'Estrémadure, en Espagne. By this time, a new governor was to arrive and succeed Dávila. Little attention was paid to his education and he grew up illiterate. During the next five years, Pizarro became a close associate of Dávila and the governor assigned him a repartimiento of natives and cattle. Adolescent, il suit la voie normale des déshérités en quête d'un emploi et s'engage dans l'armée ; totalement illettré, il restera simple soldat. In addition, he ordered two ships commanded by Juan Tafur to be sent immediately with the intention of bringing Pizarro and his crew back to Panama. (Nueva Castilla). Born as the illegitimate child of a poor woman, he received no education and expected nothing in inheritance. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 28 janvier 2021 à 18:12. [5]:191, 210, 216 During the exploration of Cuzco, Pizarro was impressed and through his officers wrote back to King Charles I of Spain, saying: "This city is the greatest and the finest ever seen in this country or anywhere in the Indies... We can assure your Majesty that it is so beautiful and has such fine buildings that it would be remarkable even in Spain. In 1892, in preparation for the anniversary of Columbus' discovery of the Americas, a body believed to be that of Pizarro was exhumed and put on display in a glass coffin. Il met à sac cette cité inca, où s'élève encore aujourd'hui l'église de Santo Domingo, construite sur les fondations de granite qui étaient autrefois celles du Temple du Soleil. The chiefs explained that the fierce tribes of Punians had attacked them and ransacked the place. [9]:126, 128 Their final stop was at La Isla Gorgona, where two of his ill men (one had died) had stayed. They decided to sail back to the territory already explored by Ruiz and, after a difficult voyage due to strong winds and currents, reached Atacames on the Ecuadorian coast. Diego de Almagro the younger was caught and executed the following year after losing the battle of Chupas. Mais les almagristes précipitent la conspiration contre Pizarro et, le 26 juin 1541, donnent l'assaut au palais, où ils mettent à mort Pizarro et proclament Almagro le Jeune gouverneur. Après avoir pris Cuzco, Almagro engagea Pizarro et ses frères dans la bataille de Las Salinas. Nommé lieutenant d'Alonso de Ojeda à San Sebastián de Urabá en 1510, il accompagne Vasco Núñez de Balboa dans l'expédition qui atteint l'océan Pacifique en 1513. [5]:93 When Dávila decided to get rid of Balboa out of distrust, he instructed Pizarro to personally arrest him and bring him to stand trial. Fils naturel et analphabète de l'officier d'infanterie Gonzalo Pizarro Rodríguez de Aguilar (es) (membre de la petite noblesse) et cousin de Hernan Cortés au deuxième degré, il s'engage avec son père dans l'armée, fait la campagne d'Italie, puis en compagnie de Nicolás de Ovando, gagne l'Amérique en 1502. He was there joined by his brother Hernando and the remaining men in two vessels that would sail back to Panama. Based on sheer numbers alone, Pizarro's military victory was one of the most improbable in recorded history. The king, who was soon to leave for Italy, was impressed at his accounts and promised his support for the conquest of Peru. 1475–June 26, 1541) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador.With a small force of Spaniards, he was able to capture Atahualpa, emperor of the mighty Inca Empire, in 1532. Elle compte cent quatre-vingts hommes, trente-sept chevaux et trois caravelles. Francisco Pizarro was born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Spain (then in the Crown of Castile) in modern-day Extremadura, Spain. [5]:110–12, After much wrangling between Pizarro and Almagro, it was decided that Pizarro would stay at a safer place, the Isla de Gallo,[7]:25–26 near the coast, while Almagro would return to Panama with Luque for more reinforcements – this time with proof of the gold they had found and the news of the discovery of the obviously wealthy land they had explored. Pour éviter un soulèvement, Pizarro le fait exécuter après un procès expéditif et proclame nouvel Inca Topa Hualpa, frère cadet d'Huáscar et d'Atahualpa, mais celui-ci meurt du choléra en 1533. Pizarro founded the city of Lima on Peru's central coast on 6 January 1535, which he considered to be one of the most important things he had created in life.[5]:227–29. He was executed by garrote on 29 August 1533. The Spanish also saw for the first time the Peruvian llama,[7]:26 which Pizarro called "little camels". Growing up was tough for Francisco. The two conquistadors expected that the settlers had disappeared or died under murky circumstances. Fin janvier 1531, l'expédition part pour le Pérou. Alors qu'Almagro retourne à Panama pour chercher des renforts, Pizarro et douze hommes restent sur l'île d'El Gallo. Choose, each man, what best becomes a brave Castilian. Pizarro, Almagro and Luque later explicitly renewed their compact,[7]:24 agreeing to conquer and divide equally among themselves the empire they hoped to vanquish. While trying to pull out his sword, he was stabbed in the throat, then fell to the floor where he was stabbed many times. The Governor of Panama, Pedro Arias Dávila, at first approved in principle of exploring South America. La Captura de Atahualpa fue un ataque sorpresa al monarca del Imperio Incaico realizada por Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) [¥]y sus tropas. La biographie de Francisco Pizarro, l'homme qui a conquis le Pérou et marqué le début de la destruction de l'une des civilisations les plus anciennes et les plus développées du Nouveau Monde, ne … Cajamarca, 16 novembre 1532. In 1538 Francisco Pizarro slaughtered Diego de Almagro. Pizarro sailed from Panama for Spain in the spring of 1528, accompanied by Pedro de Candia, some natives and llamas, plus samples of fabric, gold and silver. En 2007, aux environs de Lima, des travaux de construction d'une autoroute ont mis au jour les restes d'environ 70 hommes, femmes et enfants portant des signes d'une mort extrêmement violente. Profitant de l'occasion, l'adelantado de Guatemala, Pedro de Alvarado, envahit lui aussi le Pérou pour conquérir Quito. The statue was taken to Lima in 1934 and re-purposed to represent Pizarro. Here, they found a large native population recently brought under Inca rule. While their accord was strictly oral, they dubbed their enterprise the Empresa del Levante and determined that Pizarro would command the expedition, Almagro would provide military and food supplies and Luque would be in charge of finances and additional provisions. When local people who lived along the coast resisted this invasion, Pizarro moved inland and founded the first Spanish settlement in Peru, San Miguel de Piura. His complacency, because fewer than 200 Spanish remained, as opposed to his 50,000-man army, of which 6,000 accompanied him to Cajamarca, sealed his fate and that of the Inca empire. On meeting with Pizarro, the associates decided to continue sailing south on the recommendations of Ruiz's Indian interpreters.[5]:118. The conquistadors decided to return to Panama to prepare the final expedition of conquest with more recruits and provisions. Fearing subsequent hostile encounters like the one the expedition endured at the Battle of Punta Quemada, Pizarro ended his first expedition and returned to Panama. Francisco Pizarro est né à Trujillo, en Estrémadure. By April 1528, they finally reached the northwestern Peruvian Tumbes Region. Il est connu pour avoir emprisonné et condamné à mort en 1533 l'empereur inca Atahualpa après la bataille de Cajamarca. Il faut remonter le fil des événements à partir de la capture et de la mise à mort d'Atahualpa. Francisco Pizarro Gonzalez was born in Trujillo (modern day Extremadura) Spain in the year 1471. Aucun des grands massacres du vingtième siècle ne peut être comparé à cette hécatombe »[4]. On parle aussi d'extermination de certaines populations pour cause de ne pas vouloir pratiquer le christianisme[5]. Pizarro's Piloto Mayor (main pilot), Bartolomé Ruiz, continued sailing south and, after crossing the equator, found and captured a balsa (raft) under sail, with natives from Tumbes. By 1538, it was known she had borne Pizarro two sons, Juan and Francisco.[14]. After his invasion, Pizarro destroyed the Inca state and while ruling the area for almost a decade, initiated the decline of local cultures. He sent Hernando Pizarro and de Soto to meet with Atahualpa in his camp. 16th-century Spanish conquistador who conquered Peru, This article is about the Spaniard who conquered the Incas. [5]:141 Though Pizarro's main objective was then to set sail and dock at Tumbes like his previous expedition, he was forced to confront the Punian natives in the Battle of Puná, leaving three or four Spaniards dead and many wounded. The first copy was offered to Mexico to represent Cortés, though it was rejected. Sous la conduite de Manco Inca, Lima et Cuzco sont assiégées. [7]:27, In 1531, Pizarro once again landed in the coasts near Ecuador, the province of Coaque and the region of esmeraldas, where some gold, silver and emeralds were procured and then dispatched to Almagro. The Spanish were successful. The area was very rural, and its history is not well recorded. Biography of Francisca Pizarro (1543-1598). Bartolomé Ruiz (es) les rejoint en 1528 avec soixante-dix hommes, autant de chevaux et trois arquebuses. Fin 1524, l'expédition quitte Panama avec un navire, deux canots et 80 hommes. The skull within the lead box not only bore the marks of multiple sword blows, but the features bore a remarkable resemblance to portraits made of the man in life. These events served as evidence to convince the expedition that the wealth and power displayed at Tumbes were an example of the riches of the Peruvian territory. After returning from Peru extremely wealthy, the Pizarro family erected a plateresque-style palace on the corner of the Plaza Mayor in Trujillo. Francisco Pizarro est né hors mariage d'une paysanne et d'un militaire de la petite noblesse, en Estrémadure vers 1475. [2][7] The following year, Pedro Arias Dávila became the newly appointed governor of Castilla de Oro and succeeded Balboa. [5]:137 Pizarro's third and final expedition left Panama for Peru on 27 December 1530. Soon after the ships left, Pizarro and his men constructed a crude boat and journeyed 25 leagues north to La Isla Gorgona, where they would remain for seven months before the arrival of new provisions. Pedro de los Ríos took charge in July 1526 and initially approved Pizarro's expeditions (he would join him several years later in Peru). Les almagristes, groupés autour de Diego el Mozo Almagro (fils de Diego de Almagro), attisent le mécontentement contre Pizarro. Born in Trujillo, Spain to a poor family, Pizarro chose to pursue fortune and adventure in the New World. Le onzième épisode de la série Il était une fois... les Amériques, réalisée par Albert Barillé, est consacré à Pizarro et à sa conquête de l'Empire Inca. Francisco Pizarro and de Soto were opposed to Atahualpa's execution, but Francisco consented to the trial due to the "great agitation among the soldiers", particularly by Almagro. Il conquit l'Empire inca et fut aussi gouverneur de l'actuel Pérou (Nueva Castilla). Lors de la conquête espagnole du Pérou, Topa Hualpa était un souverain fantoche mis en place par Francisco Pizarro. Encouragé par l’incroyable réussite d’Hernan Cortès, qui avec une poignée de conquistadores parvient à soumettre l’empire aztèque, il décide de s’associer avec deux autres hommes, le prêtre Hernando de Luque, et le militaire Diego de Almagro, pou… In 1513, Francisco Pizarro joined Vasco Núñez de Balboa in his march to the "South Sea," during which Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean. Il fût un des plus grand Conquistadores espagnols.Il parvint à conquérir et soumettre l’Empire Inca.il est aussi gouverneur de l’actuel Pèrou. Francisco Pizarro (1471-1541) was the eldest illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro the elder: his mother was a maid in the Pizarro home and young Francisco tended the family livestock. The native South Americans he encountered told him about a gold-rich territory called Virú, which was on a river called Pirú (later evolving to Perú). The latter had stayed in Panama to gather more recruits. La chute de l'Empire des hauts plateaux andins, qui survient seulement quelques années après celle de l’Empire aztèque, marque un tournant dans la conquête des Amériques et plus largement…dans l'histoire de la mondialisation. Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui eventually married her uncle Hernando Pizarro in Spain, on 10 October 1537; a third son of Pizarro who was never legitimized, Francisco, by Dona Angelina, a wife of Atahualpa that he had taken as a mistress, died shortly after reaching Spain. [5]:94–102, Two years later Pizarro, Almagro and Luque started the arrangements for a second expedition with permission from Pedrarias Dávila. Tuvo lugar por la tarde del 16 de noviembre de 1532 en la plaza mayor de Cajamarca (Perú) , la emboscada logró el objetivo de capturar al inca Atahualpa. [20] It instantly became a recognizable symbol of the plaza. After the Dominican friar expounded the "true faith" and the need to pay tribute to the Emperor Charles V, Atahualpa replied, "I will be no man's tributary." In February 1502, Pizarro sailed from Spain in a convoy of 30 ships carrying 2500 colonists to the New World. Arrivé à Tumbes, Pizarro est informé qu'une guerre civile divise l'empire inca : depuis la mort de Huayna Capac en 1529, ses deux fils Huáscar et Atahualpa s'affrontent à mort pour prendre le pouvoir. Entre Pizarro et Almagro rien ne va plus, la propriété de l'opulente ville de Cuzco est un sujet de discorde et le motif des premières escarmouches entre pizarristes et almagristes, jusqu'à ce que Pizarro persuade Almagro d'entreprendre une expédition pour la conquête du Chili (1535-1536). He served as mayor of the newly founded Panama City for a few years, and undertook two failed expeditions to Peru. King Charles I, who was at Toledo, had an interview with Pizarro and heard of his expeditions in South America. [5]:127–28, Pizarro reached Seville in early summer. After a week, he returned with an envoy from the Inca himself, with presents and an invitation to visit the Inca ruler's camp. The place names the Spanish bestowed along their route, including Puerto Deseado (desired port), Puerto del Hambre (port of hunger) and Punta Quemado or Puebla Quemado (burned port), confirmed their difficulties. The governor, who himself was preparing an expedition north to Nicaragua, was reluctant to permit another expedition, having lost confidence in Pizarro. A team of forensic scientists from the United States, led by William R. Maples, was invited to examine the two bodies and they soon determined that the body which had been honored in the glass case for nearly a century had been incorrectly identified.